PDS_VERSION_ID                        = PDS3
LABEL_REVISION_NOTE                   = "
  2004-06-30 NAIF:Semenov Initial version;
  2005-08-19 NAIF:Semenov Post 2005 peer-review update
  "
RECORD_TYPE                           = STREAM

OBJECT                                = INSTRUMENT
  INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID                  = "SDU"
  INSTRUMENT_ID                       = "CIDA"

  OBJECT                              = INSTRUMENT_INFORMATION
    INSTRUMENT_NAME                   = "COMETARY AND INTERSTELLAR 
                                         DUST ANALYZER"
    INSTRUMENT_TYPE                   = "COSMIC DUST ANALYZER"
    INSTRUMENT_DESC                   = "

      This catalog file contains excerpts from Kissel et al, 2003.
      Refer to this paper for an in depth description of the
      instrument.
  
    Scientific Objectives
    =====================
      The main objective of CIDA is the analysis of particulates in the
      interstellar dust stream and the cometary coma. Important
      ancillary data is expected on dust flux rate, particle size
      distribution and possibly particle mass densities.

    Instrument Overview
    ===================
      Cometary and Interstellar Dust Analyzer (CIDA) is a space
      qualified time-of-flight mass-spectrometer. Each impacting
      particle provides a time-of-flight spectrum that can be
      transformed into a mass spectrum once at least two peaks are
      found to which well known mass numbers can be assigned. It
      comprises a silver target and single stage ion reflector,
      followed by an open electron multiplier.

      The CIDA instrument analyzes the composition of individual
      grains. As each particle impacts a silver plate, the high impact
      energy due to the relative velocity of the spacecraft as it flies
      through the coma causes the elements and molecular compounds in
      the particle to become ionized. Using a fast time-of-flight mass
      spectrometer, a complete set of ions are detected for each
      impact, from a mass range of 1 (atomic hydrogen) up to a few
      thousand atomic mass units, encompassing all elements in the
      periodic table and many molecules, such as organic compounds.

      This diagram illustrates CIDA mounting of the Stardust
      spacecraft:

                                                   || Dust Collector
                                                   ||     Array
        Solar Array            Main                ||
          Shield       +Z .-. Shield               ||
            .-.          ^| |                      o
            | |==========|====o===============o===============
            `-'          || |-------------------. .        Solar
                         || |                   |/|        Array
                         || | .-----.  CIDA     | |
                 <-------o| | |      '          | |  Return
               +X        +Y   .   __/           | | Capsule
                          | |  `. `.            |\|
                          | |--- `. `.---- -----' o---------
                          | |      `. `.           \_______/
                          `-'        `.'`. Target
         ------>   ------>  ------>     .'  --------
             Nominal                       .    '
         Incoming Particle                  `. ' 40 deg
         direction during                     `.
            Encounter                           `. Normal to
                                              CIDA Target Plane


   Operational Modes
   =================
      The on-board data handling system has been optimized for two
      separate operation modes: the cruise mode and the encounter mode.
      In the cruise mode, the expected event rates are so low that
      complete sets of data may easily be transferred to ground. In the
      encounter mode, to be used during comet flyby, the impact-driven
      data rate would essentially saturate the instrument and the
      spacecraft's allocated data storage for CIDA of 200 megabits on
      STARDUST. Therefore, in this mode the instrument data handling
      optimizes the size of the data passed to the spacecraft and
      attempts to discard all events obviously not containing
      meaningful data. In order to check the performance of the
      selection process, every 16th triggered event is transmitted
      unaltered, regardless of its contents. Every triggering event is
      counted, but only a subset of data can be transferred to the
      spacecraft and thence to the ground.

    References
    ==========

      Additional information about CIDA is available in the following
      article published in the Journal of Geophysical Research in 2003:

        Kissel, J., A. Glasmachers, E. Grun, H. Henkel,
          H. Hofner, G. Haerendel, H. von Hoener, K. Hornung, E. K.
          Jessberger, F. R. Krueger, D. Mohlmann, J. M. Greenberg, Y.
          Langevin, J. Silen, D. Brownlee, B. C. Clark, M. S. Hanner,
          F. Hoerz, S. Sandford, Z. Sekanina, P. Tsou, N. G. Utterback,
          M. E. Zolensky, and C. Heiss, Cometary and Interstellar Dust
          Analyzer for comet Wild 2, J. Geophys. Res., 108, (E10),
          8114, 2003.

      An example of interpreting CIDA time-of-flight spectrum data
      contained in CIDA Spectrum EDF files archived in the
      SDU-C/D-CIDA-1-EDF/HK-V1.0 data set is provided in the
      ``CIDA/STARDUST Example of Data Calibration'' document included
      in that data set.

    Instrument Science Lead
    =======================
      Dr. Jochen Kissel
      Max-Planck-Institut Fur Extraterrestrische Physik"

  END_OBJECT                          = INSTRUMENT_INFORMATION

  OBJECT                              = INSTRUMENT_REFERENCE_INFO
    REFERENCE_KEY_ID                  = "KISSELETAL2003"
  END_OBJECT                          = INSTRUMENT_REFERENCE_INFO

END_OBJECT                            = INSTRUMENT

END